玉米秸秆还田和有机配施提高黑土酸中和容量     

姜勇  张勇勇  李天鹏  王汝振  王聪  张玉革  高洪军  朱平  李慧 《地理学报》2022,77(7):1701-1712

长期施用化肥导致农田黑土酸化、盐基离子耗竭、养分失衡及作物重金属污染等诸多问题。本文依托吉林公主岭国家黑土肥效监测基地25 a的施肥试验,研究了不施肥对照（C）、N、NP、NK、PK、NPK、厩肥—化肥配施（MNPK）、玉米秸秆还田（SNPK）等8个施肥处理对土壤酸中和容量（ANC）的影响,N、P、K施用量分别为165 kg hm^-2 a^-1、36 kg hm^-2 a^-1、68.5 kg hm^-2 a^-1,MNPK和SNPK处理与NPK处理为等N量。结果表明,施化肥导致表土pH下降0.37~1.39,MNPK和SNPK处理分别提高土壤pH值0.21和0.53。以pH 5.0为参比,N、NP、NK、PK、NPK各处理的酸中和容量ANC_{pH 5.0}分别为对照的42.85%、61.79%、54.05%、82.26%、63.68%;MNPK处理的ANC_{pH 5.0}是对照的1.86倍;加酸160 mmol kg^-1,SNPK处理的土壤pH值仅从7.65降至6.42,表现出极强的酸中和能力。SNPK和MNPK处理的土壤交换性盐基总量SEB分别是对照的1.37和1.14倍,土壤有机质SOM分别是对照的1.32和1.63倍,二者是提高土壤ANC主要原因。总之,有机物料添加显著提高了黑土抗酸化性能及土壤基础肥力水平,研究结果可为东北黑土区玉米秸秆还田保护性耕作及有机肥部分替代化肥实践提供长期试验的理论依据和数据支撑。  相似文献   

阳和汤联合唑来膦酸治疗阳虚寒凝型乳腺癌骨转移30例          下载免费PDF全文

冯磊  李玲  李阳 《应用海洋学学报》2022,38(10):12

目的：观察阳和汤联合唑来膦酸治疗阳虚寒凝型乳腺癌骨转移的临床疗效及安全性。方法：将60 例阳虚寒凝型乳腺癌骨转移患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各30 例。对照组给予唑来膦酸注射液治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上加用阳和汤治疗。观察2组的癌痛疗效、生活质量、数字分级法（NRS）评分、中医证候积分、骨代谢指标［血钙、血清骨代谢标志物碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、I型胶原N末端肽（NTX）水平］以及不良反应。结果：骨转移癌痛总有效率治疗组为73.4%（22/30）,对照组为60.0%（18/30）;生活质量总有效率治疗组为86.7%（26/30）,对照组为73.3%（22/30）,2组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗组NRS评分、中医证候积分治疗前后组内比较及治疗后与对照组比较,2组ALP、NTX水平治疗前后组内比较及治疗后组间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05或P<0.01）。2组血钙水平、不良反应发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：阳和汤可以作为阳虚寒凝型乳腺癌骨转移患者的辅助治疗手段,值得临床推广应用。  相似文献   

乐山地区酸性降水特征、规律及防治对策     

周骏一  刘国  马小梅  李晓  贾疏源  钟国华  王能峰 《地质灾害与环境保护》2004,15(3):31-34

酸雨已成为世界性问题之一．它给人们造成了巨大的危害和损失。研究乐山酸雨污染形成机理、特征、变化规律以及防治对策,对于乐山这个优秀旅游城市来说．具有非常重要的意义。  相似文献   

长江下游江段铜鱼肌肉营养成分分析   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

刘凯  徐东坡  段金荣  张敏莹  虞锐鹏  施炜纲 《广东海洋大学学报》2008,28(3)

对采自长江下游江段的铜鱼(Coreius heterodom)肌肉营养成分进行了测定和分析。结果表明,铜鱼肌肉水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和粗灰分占鲜样的比例分别为:70.03%、20.54%、6.82%和1.38%;按照氨基酸评分(Amino Acid Score,AAS)和化学评分(Chemical Score,CS)标准,铜鱼限制性氨基酸为缬氨酸和异亮氨酸,必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为81.52;不饱和脂肪酸和ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸含量分别为63.03%和2.0%;肌肉中常、微量元素含量最高分别为钾(3135μg/g)和铁(5.46μg/g),锌铜比和锌铁比分别为8.85和0.65。  相似文献   

Effects of nutritional factors on the growth and heterotrophic eicosapentaenoic acid production of diatom <Emphasis Type="Italic">Nitzschia laevis</Emphasis>     

Xiaohong Cao  Songyao Li  Chunling Wang  Meifang Lu 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2008,7(3):333-338

The effects of several nutritional factors on the growth and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) production of diatom Nitzschia laevis were studied. 4 LDM (quadrupled concentration of the nutrient salt) was the optimal concentration of nutrient salt for the growth and EPA production of N. laevis. The growth of N. laevis was inhibited when the glucose concentration was either lower than 10 gL⁻¹ or higher than 15 gL⁻¹. Both sodium nitrate and urea were good nitrogen sources for the growth and EPA production, while ammonium chloride seriously decreased the dry cell weight (DW) and the EPA content. Silicate seriously influenced the growth of N. laevis. The maximum DW of 2.34 gL⁻¹ was obtained in the presence of 150 mgL⁻¹ Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O. The EPA content remained almost the same when the silicate concentration was lower than 150 mgL⁻¹; however, higher silicate concentrations resulted in a steady decrease of EPA content. Low medium salinity (⩽29) did not seem to influence the DW of N. laevis, and high salinity resulted in a decrease of DW. The highest EPA content (4.08%) and yield (110 mgL⁻¹) were observed at the salinity of 36 and 29, respectively.  相似文献   

南极夏季沿海海藻Phaeocystis Pouchetii繁殖与海水中溶解游离型氨基酸含量的关系          下载免费PDF全文

杨和福  AndrewRMctaggrt  HarryBurton 《极地研究》1990,2(4):45-49

从1988年5月～1989年1月,对东南极维斯特福尔德丘陵地区,戴维斯考察站沿海海域水体中的溶解游离型氨基酸的含量进行了长期连续测定。结果表明,在该海域海水中溶解游离型氨基酸的总浓度略高于其他海海域、浓度变化范围在19～302nmol/dm~3之间。最大丰度出现在11月份,而从11月下旬开始氨基酸含量急剧下降,至12月底达到全年最低点,从1月初开始有所回升。 占据南极夏初海水中海藻类主导地位的海藻Phaeocystis Pouchetii,其爆发性的繁殖过程从11月底开始至翌年1月底2月初结束,高峰在1月初。在Phaeocystis Pouchetii繁殖期,溶解游离型氨基酸浓度的降低与海藻细胞数量的增加有明显的负相关关系。作者认为在Phaeocystis Pouchetii繁殖增长过程中,该藻细胞直接摄取或(和)通过附随着藻类本体迅速增长的细菌群摄取溶解游离型氨基酸。  相似文献   

Preparation and Charaterization of Self-assembled Nanoparticles Based on Linolenic-acid Modified Chitosan     

Desai Kashappa Goud H.  Park Hyun-Jin 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2005,4(3):234-239

1 IntroductionHydrophobically modified water-soluble polymers,also known as hydrophobized polymers, are thosemodified by hydrophobic groups such as alkyl,arolkyl, and deoxycholic acid. In water, they canself-aggregate due to their intro- and/or intermolecularhydrophobic interaction. By this process, unique hy-drogel nanoparticles with hydrophobic core and hy-drophilic shell can be prepared, which is a new ap-proach to preparing the monodispersed hydrogelnanoparticles (Whitesides et al., 1991; …  相似文献   

五大连池地区矿泉水同位素研究     

黎兴国  何娟华  常丕兴  初本君  王树棕 《地球科学与环境学报》1991,(4)

本文通过对五大连池地区矿泉水采样分析,进行同位素测年研究,提出该区矿泉水主要来于大气降水。原生冷矿水和次生冷矿水中的放射性碳都已经历了万年以上的蜕变,说明该区矿泉水地下迳流条件极差,其冷矿水形成时间长,资源有限,因此应有计划地合理开采利用,防止过量滥采而导致矿水资源枯竭。  相似文献   

Response of surface water chemistry to reduced levels of acid precipitation: comparison of trends in two regions of New York,USA     

Douglas A. Burns  Michael R. McHale  Charles T. Driscoll  Karen M. Roy 《水文研究》2006,20(7):1611-1627

In light of recent reductions in sulphur (S) and nitrogen (N) emissions mandated by Title IV of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, temporal trends and trend coherence in precipitation (1984–2001 and 1992–2001) and surface water chemistry (1992–2001) were determined in two of the most acid‐sensitive regions of North America, i.e. the Catskill and Adirondack Mountains of New York. Precipitation chemistry data from six sites located near these regions showed decreasing sulphate (SO₄^2?), nitrate (NO₃^?), and base cation (C_B) concentrations and increasing pH during 1984–2001, but few significant trends during 1992–2001. Data from five Catskill streams and 12 Adirondack lakes showed decreasing trends in SO₄^2? concentrations at all sites, and decreasing trends in NO₃^?, C_B, and H⁺ concentrations and increasing trends in dissolved organic carbon at most sites. In contrast, acid‐neutralizing capacity (ANC) increased significantly at only about half the Adirondack lakes and in one of the Catskill streams. Flow correction prior to trend analysis did not change any trend directions and had little effect on SO₄^2? trends, but it caused several significant non‐flow‐corrected trends in NO₃^? and ANC to become non‐significant, suggesting that trend results for flow‐sensitive constituents are affected by flow‐related climate variation. SO₄^2? concentrations showed high temporal coherence in precipitation, surface waters, and in precipitation–surface water comparisons, reflecting a strong link between S emissions, precipitation SO₄^2? concentrations, and the processes that affect S cycling within these regions. NO₃^? and H⁺ concentrations and ANC generally showed weak coherence, especially in surface waters and in precipitation–surface water comparisons, indicating that variation in local‐scale processes driven by factors such as climate are affecting trends in acid–base chemistry in these two regions. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Fast tidal cycling and the origin of life     

Richard Lathe 《Icarus》2004,168(1):18-22

Replicating prebiotic polymers are thought to predate the emergence of true life-forms. The initial mode of replication, a prerequisite for Darwinian selection, is unknown, but demands an explanation based on local physicochemistry. Dual consideration of the conditions of the early terrestrial surface, with the unusual physicochemical properties of nucleic acids like DNA, could explain the emergence of nucleic acids as key biomolecules. The early impact that produced the Moon, and fast terrestrial rotation, subjected coastal areas 3.9 Ga ago to rapid tidal flooding (dilution) and drying (concentration), with a likely periodicity in the range of 2-6 h, and could have provided a driving force for cyclic replication of early biomolecules. Such a mechanism applies only to molecules capable of association/polymerization at high salt concentration, and of dissociation at low salinity. Nucleic acids meet these criteria. It is suggested that tidal cycling, resembling the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) mechanism, could only replicate and amplify DNA-like polymers. This mechanism suggests constraints on the evolution of extra-terrestrial life.  相似文献